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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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brazil.3
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Government
Long-form name: Federative Republic of Brazil.
Type: federal republic.
Capital: Brasilia.
Administrative divisions: 24 states (estados, singular--estado),
2 territories* (territorios, singular--territorio), and
1 federal district** (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas,
Amapa*, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal**, Espirito
Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia, Roraima*, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe,
Tocantins; note--the territories of Amapa and Roraima will
become states on 15 March 1991.
Independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal).
Constitution: 5 October 1988.
Legal system: based on Latin codes; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction.
National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September (1822).
Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet.
Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congresso
Nacional) consists of an upper chamber or Senate (Senado)
and a lower chamber or Chamber of Deputies (Camara dos Deputados).
Judicial branch: Supreme Federal Tribunal.
Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President
Fernando Affonso COLLOR de Mello (since 15 March 1990);
Vice President Itamar FRANCO (since 15 March 1990).
Political parties and leaders: National Reconstruction Party
(PRN), Daniel Tourinho, president; Brazilian Democratic
Movement Party (PMDB), Ulysses Guimaraes, president; Liberal
Front Party (PFL), Hugo Napoleao, president; Workers' Party
(PT), Luis Ignacio (Lula) da Silva, president; Brazilian
Labor Party (PTB), Luiz Gonzaga de Paiva Muniz, president;
Democratic Labor Party (PDT), Doutel de Andrade, president;
Democratic Social Party (PDS), Jarbas Passarinho, president;
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Mario Covas, president;
Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), Salomao Malina, secretary
general; Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), Joao Amazonas,
president.
Suffrage: voluntary at age 16; compulsory between ages 18
and 70; voluntary at age 70.
Elections:
President--last held 15 November 1989, with runoff on 17 December
1989 (next to be held November 1994); results--Fernando Collor de
Mello 53%, Luis Inacio da Silva 47%; first free, direct presidential
election since 1960;
Senate--last held 15 November 1986 (next to be held 3 October
1990); results--PMDB 60%, PFL 21%, PDS 8%, PDT 3%, others
8%; seats--(66 total) PMDB 43, PFL 15, PDS 6, PDT 2, others
6; note--as of 1990 Senate has 75 seats;
Chamber of Deputies--last held 15 November 1986 (next to
be held 3 October 1990); results--PMDB 53%, PFL 23%, PDS
7%, PDT 5%, other 12%; seats--(495 total) PMDB 258, PFL
114, PDS 33, PDT 24, others 58; note--as of 1990 Chamber
of Deputies has 570 seats.
Communists: about 30,000.
Other political or pressure groups: left wing of the Catholic
Church and labor unions allied to leftist Worker's Party
are critical of government's social and economic policies.
Member of: CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT, Group of Eight, IADB, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development
Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, IPU, IRC,
ISO, ITU, IWC--International Wheat Council, OAS, PAHO, SELA,
UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Marcilio Marques MOREIRA;
Chancery at 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC
20008; telephone (202) 745-2700; there are Brazilian Consulates
General in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans,
and New York, and Consulates in Dallas, Houston, and San
Francisco; US--Ambassador Richard MELTON; Embassy at Avenida
das Nocoes, Lote 3, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (mailing
address is APO Miami 34030); telephone [55] (6) 321-7272;
there are US Consulates General in Rio de Janeiro and Sao
Paulo, and Consulates in Porto Alegre and Recife.
Flag: green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing
a blue celestial globe with 23 white five-pointed stars
(one for each state) arranged in the same pattern as the
night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial
band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress).